Soyuz-TM

Not to be confused with Soyuz 7K-TM.

Soyuz-TM
General Information
Soyuz-TM spacecraft. Compare the antennae on the orbital module to those on Soyuz-T. Differences reflect the change from the Igla rendezvous system used on Soyuz-T to the Kurs rendezvous system used on Soyuz-TM.
Manufacturer	Korolev
Country of Origin	Soviet Union Russia
Applications	Carry three cosmonauts to Mir and ISS and back
Orbit regimes	Low Earth orbit
Operator	Soviet space program/Russian Federal Space Agency
Lifetime	Up to six months docked to station
Derived from	Soyuz-T
Derivatives	Soyuz-TMA
Production
Status	Out of service
Launched	34
First launch	Soyuz TM-1, 1986
Last launch	Soyuz TM-34, 2002

The Soyuz-TM crew transports (T - транспортный - Transportnyi - meaning transport, M - модифицированный - Modifitsirovannyi - meaning modified) were fourth generation (1986–2002) Soyuz spacecraft used for ferry flights to the Mir and ISS space stations. It added to the Soyuz-T new docking and rendezvous, radio communications, emergency and integrated parachute/landing engine systems. The new Kurs rendezvous and docking system permitted the Soyuz-TM to maneuver independently of the station, without the station making "mirror image" maneuvers to match unwanted translations introduced by earlier models' aft-mounted attitude control.

The final Soyuz-TM flight was Soyuz TM-34, which launched April 25, 2002 and landed November 10, 2002.^[1]

Gallery

External links

Russia New Russian spaceship will be able to fly to Moon - space corp
RSC Energia: Concept Of Russian Manned Space Navigation Development
Mir Hardware Heritage
- David S.F. Portree, Mir Hardware Heritage, NASA RP-1357, 1995
- Mir Hardware Heritage (wikisource)
Information on Soyuz spacecraft
OMWorld's ASTP Docking Trainer Page
NASA - Russian Soyuz TMA Spacecraft Details
Space Adventures circum-lunar mission - details

References

^ "Soyuz ISS Missions". NASA. http://www.nasa.gov/externalflash/ISSRG/pdfs/soyuz_missions.pdf.

Soyuz programme

Soyuz 7K-OK (1967–1971)	1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Soyuz 7K-OKS (1971)	10 11

Soyuz 7K-T (1973–1981)	12 13 14 15 17 18a 18 21 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Soyuz 7K-TM (1974–1976)	16 19 22

Soyuz-T (1976–1986)	T-2 T-3 T-4 T-5 T-6 T-7 T-8 T-9 T-10-1 T-10 T-11 T-12 T-13 T-14 T-15

Soyuz-TM (1986–2003)	TM-2 TM-3 TM-4 TM-5 TM-6 TM-7 TM-8 TM-9 TM-10 TM-11 TM-12 TM-13 TM-14 TM-15 TM-16 TM-17 TM-18 TM-19 TM-20 TM-21 TM-22 TM-23 TM-24 TM-25 TM-26 TM-27 TM-28 TM-29 TM-30 TM-31 TM-32 TM-33 TM-34

Soyuz-TMA (2003–2012)	TMA-1 TMA-2 TMA-3 TMA-4 TMA-5 TMA-6 TMA-7 TMA-8 TMA-9 TMA-10 TMA-11 TMA-12 TMA-13 TMA-14 TMA-15 TMA-16 TMA-17 TMA-18 TMA-19 TMA-20 TMA-21

Soyuz-TMA-M (2010–)	TMA-01M TMA-02M

Current	TMA-22 TMA-03M

Planned	TMA-04M TMA-05M TMA-06M TMA-07M TMA-08M TMA-09M TMA-10M TMA-11M TMA-12M TMA-13M

Unmanned	Kosmos 133 Kosmos 140 Kosmos 186 Kosmos 188 Kosmos 212 Kosmos 213 Kosmos 238 Soyuz 2 Kosmos 379 Kosmos 396 Kosmos 398 Kosmos 434 Kosmos 496 Kosmos 573 Kosmos 613 Kosmos 638 Kosmos 656 Kosmos 670 Kosmos 672 Kosmos 772 Soyuz 20 Kosmos 869 Kosmos 1001 Kosmos 1074 Soyuz T-1 Soyuz TM-1

Soyuz variants

Early programme	Sever · Soyuz 7K · Soyuz 9K · Soyuz 11K · Soyuz-VI · Soyuz 7K-P · Soyuz 7K-PPK · Soyuz-R · Soyuz 7K-TK

7K series	Soyuz 7K-OK · Soyuz 7K-L1 · Soyuz 7K-LOK · Soyuz 7K-TK · Soyuz 7KT-OK · Soyuz 7K-T · Soyuz 7K-T/A9 · Soyuz 7K-TM · Soyuz 7K-MF6

Later series	Soyuz-S · Soyuz-T · Soyuz-TM · Soyuz-TMA

Progress	Progress 7K-TG · Progress-M · Progress-M1 · Progress-M2

Other derivatives	Aelita · Gamma

Soviet and Russian government manned space programs

Active	Soyuz • ISS (joint)

Past	Vostok • Voskhod • Salyut • Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (joint) • Mir • Shuttle-Mir programme (joint)

Cancelled	Zond (lunar Soyuz 7K-L1) • N1-L3 (Moon landing) • Zvezda (moonbase) • TMK (Mars/Venus flyby) • Spiral • Almaz (incorporated into Salyut program) / TKS spacecraft • Energia / Buran • Kliper